{"id":59,"date":"2020-02-13T08:48:55","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T08:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/?page_id=59"},"modified":"2020-10-12T03:19:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T03:19:23","slug":"background-and-objectives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/","title":{"rendered":"Background and objectives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Why is there trade in\nagricultural commodities and wildlife?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trade in commodities plays an important role in Indonesia\u2019s economy. The\ncountry is one of the world\u2019s largest exporters of commodities \u2013 including\nagricultural products and wildlife \u2013 and has great potential to further enhance\nits leading position. Exports account for the largest contribution to Indonesia\u2019s\ngross domestic product (BPS-Statistics Indonesia 2018), while also generating\nemployment and foreign exchange reserves (TPSA Project 2018). However, it is\nnecessary to strike a balance between achieving economic growth from the trade in\nagricultural commodities and supporting forest and biodiversity conservation in\nIndonesia (Pirard et al.\n2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Palm oil<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Fresh palm oil fruit, West Kalimantan. Photo by Nanang Sujana\/CIFOR <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia is the world\u2019s largest producer of palm oil, contributing more than 50% of global production (Sharma et al. 2018). Increasing demand for palm oil intended for export is resulting in a massive expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, delivering important economic development while causing environmental degradation and socioeconomic impacts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coffee<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
 farmer picks red coffee cherries in the plantation in Tri Budi Syukur village, Lampung, Indonesia. Photo by Ulet Ifansasti\/CIFOR <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia has\nbeen one of the leading coffee producers for centuries (TPSA Project\n2018) and its coffee production is dominated by\nsmallholders (Arifin 2010; Ibnu 2017). Coffee\nfarming is also associated with environmental impacts on forests. As a result\nof climate change, there are increased risks to coffee production in Indonesia (TPSA\nProject 2018; Bunn et al. 2015; Killeen and Harper 2016) and greater threat over the opening of new\ncoffee plantations in forest landscapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wildlife\ntrade<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
A female orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) climbing a tree at Tanjung Puting National Park. The park which is 3,040km\u00b2 has a number of different habitats. Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Photo by Terry Sunderland\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia is one of the main Asian countries serving as a source and transit point for the international  wildlife trade (Baker et al. 2013; Traffic International 2008). Indonesia is considered one of the \u2018wildlife trade hotspots\u2019 (Nijman 2010; Traffic International 2008), with the export of wildlife and plant species estimated at USD 374 million in 2015 and USD 580 million in 2017 (Ministry of Environment and Forestry 2018). The country has implemented a set of rules and regulations for the wildlife trade, but illegal trading and trafficking continue to occur (Hanif 2015<\/a>). The value of illegal trade has been estimated at USD 1 billion per year<\/a>. However, the real figure is unknown and may be higher than the estimated value (Lubis 2017). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Objectives\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The TRADE Hub Indonesia aims to provide business cases, policy changes and stronger financial institutions where the global trade in palm oil and coffee delivers benefits for the country. It also aims to reduce impacts on high-risk forested landscapes and their rural communities. In addition, the project is expected to enhance information on the legal and illegal trade in selected wildlife species and commodities in Indonesia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why is there trade in agricultural commodities and wildlife? Trade in commodities plays an important role in Indonesia\u2019s economy. The country is one of the world\u2019s largest exporters of commodities \u2013 including agricultural products and wildlife \u2013 and has great potential to further enhance its leading position. Exports account for the largest contribution to Indonesia\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"parent":68,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\r\nBackground and objectives - UKRI GCRF TRADE Hub<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"googlebot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"bingbot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Background and objectives - UKRI GCRF TRADE Hub\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why is there trade in agricultural commodities and wildlife? Trade in commodities plays an important role in Indonesia\u2019s economy. The country is one of the world\u2019s largest exporters of commodities \u2013 including agricultural products and wildlife \u2013 and has great potential to further enhance its leading position. Exports account for the largest contribution to Indonesia\u2019s […]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UKRI GCRF TRADE Hub\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-12T03:19:23+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/02\/25827927578_ae2059ed6b_c.jpg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/\",\"name\":\"UKRI GCRF TRADE Hub\",\"description\":\"Trade, Development and the Environment Hub\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/02\/25827927578_ae2059ed6b_c.jpg\",\"width\":799,\"height\":533},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/\",\"name\":\"Background and objectives - UKRI GCRF TRADE Hub\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-13T08:48:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-12T03:19:23+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/research\/background-and-objectives\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":288,"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59\/revisions\/288"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/68"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/tradehub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}