A bio-economy comprises the knowledge-based production and use of biological resources to provide products, procedures and services in all economic sectors. Every country in the world thus has a bio-economy, even if the characteristics of individual bio-economies vary significantly globally. Modern bio-economy concepts aim to “biologize” the economy with the aim of sustainable development. In this respect, there are numerous overlaps with the scientific and sustainability strategies of many countries as well as with the “green economy” concept.