Comparing tools to predict REDD+ conservation costs to Amazon smallholders

Payments for environmental services (PES) are compensating landowners or resource stewards for safeguarding ecosys-tem externalities not accounted for in the marketplace (Ferraro and Kiss, 2002; Wunder, 2007; Engel et al., 2008). PES couldbecome an important tool for forest-based climate change mitigation under REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestationand forest Degradation including conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) (Wunder 2009), and be a quick way to reduce carbon emissions (Stern, 2007; Angelsen, 2008).

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2017.02.002

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