Policy options for improved integration of domestic timber markets under the voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) regime: Lessons from formalization case studies

Formalization processes come with both benefits and risks, which require ongoing assessment, monitoring and mitigation. Case studies of formalization conducted in other natural resource sectors indicate that even well-intentioned processes can lead to exclusion, criminalization, barriers to entry and elite capture, which could disproportionally and negatively affect smallholders and operators, together with negative environmental impacts. If well-conceived and monitored, formalization could increase transparency and clarity of users' rights, reduce conflict and improve working conditions and local economic benefits.

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https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005078

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