In Indonesia, the use of fire by communities and other actors on the ground still occurs regardless of government "zero burning" programs and campaigns at national and subnational levels. One of the underlying causes of this is traditional land burning practices that communities all over Indonesia use to prepare lands for new planting seasons. Fire is used because of a lack of understanding regarding the dangers of fire and haze for the environment and people, and also simply because it is much cheaper to clear the land using fire compared to any other land clearing tools.
The Integrated Forestry and Farming System (Desa Makmur Peduli Api, DMPA) was launched by Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) in December 2015 during the Conference of the Parties 15 in Paris. The DMPA is increasingly recognized as an effort by the private sector to prevent fire and improve community livelihoods. World Agroforestry and CIFOR collaborated with APP (Phase 1) in 2018 to develop a typology of DMPA villages inside APP tree plantation concessions, and develop standards for good DMPA and a policy to scale up DMPA. This project continues that work in Phase 2 in 2019–2020. The work focuses on business model development for representative DMPA villages in Riau.