Certification and (self) regulation of forest, tree and agroforestry commodity trade in response to social and Ecosystem concern: a global comparative study

Global trade in forest, tree and agroforestry commodities potentially contributes to economic growth and rural income, but may also affect Ecosystem values and social relations. If not managed sustainably, trade-induced growth will further deplete and degrade the environment and natural resources due to forest conversion and other unsustainable land management practices. Socially, global trade may bring new systems such as entrepreneurship, perspective on land rights and labour force into remote forest margin commu¬nities, some of which are welcome, others not.