CIFOR-ICRAF
- CLOSE MENU
  The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) joined forces in 2019, leveraging a combined 65 years’ experience in research on the role of forests and trees in solving critical global challenges.
  
  Check out cifor-icraf.org!
  
  CIFOR-ICRAF’s website cifor-icraf.org features
  
  Home: latest publications, news, events and jobs
  
  Research: topics, themes and innovative approaches
  
  Locations: regions and countries
  
  Knowledge: browse or search knowledge products
  
  News: Forests News, Agroforestry World News, Landscape News, social media and media inquiries
  
  Events: upcoming and past events
  Close
Our work
- CLOSE MENU
  CIFOR advances human well-being, equity and environmental integrity by conducting innovative research, developing partners’ capacity, and actively engaging in dialogue with all stakeholders to inform policies and practices that affect forests and people. CIFOR is a CGIAR Research Center, and leads the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA).
  Our headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia, with offices in Nairobi, Kenya; Yaounde, Cameroon; and Lima, Peru.
  About CIFOR
  Partners
  Leadership
  Research staff
  Research associates
  Strategy
  Policies
  Procurement
  Annual reports
  Financial Statements
  Work with us
  Contact us
  ABOUT CIFOR-ICRAF
  Common Board of Trustees
  Our Strategy
  Merger FAQs
  ANONYMOUS REPORTING HOTLINE
  Close
Research
- CLOSE MENU
  CIFOR achieves science-driven impact. We conduct innovative research, strengthen partners’ capacity and actively engage in dialogue with all stakeholders, bringing the latest insights on forests and people to global decision making.
  
  RESEARCH TEAMS
  Climate change, energy and low-carbon development
  Equal opportunities, gender, justice and tenure
  Sustainable landscapes and livelihoods
  Value chains, finance and investment
  TOPICS
  PROJECT WEBSITES
  GLOBAL LANDSCAPES FORUM
  FORESTS, TREES AND AGROFORESTRY (FTA)
  OTHER CGIAR RESEARCH PROGRAMS
  Close
Locations
- CLOSE MENU
  CIFOR’s headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia, with offices in Nairobi, Kenya; Yaounde, Cameroon; Lima, Peru and Bonn, Germany. Together, our researchers are working in more than 50 countries.
  
  Locations
  Asia
  Africa
  Germany
  Latin America and the Caribbean
  Close
Knowledge
- CLOSE MENU
  Get the CIFOR publications update
  CIFOR publishes over 400 publications every year on forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy, agroforestry and much more in multiple languages.
  
  Explore our knowledge
  Browse CIFOR’s published research in a wide range of formats, all of which are available for free online.
  Publications
  Forests News
  Presentations
  Videos
  Photos
  Projects database
  Datasets
  Features
  Podcasts
  Close
Events
- CLOSE MENU
  Events
  Upcoming events
  Past events
  Featured events
  Explore upcoming and past events across the globe, whether hosted by CIFOR or attended by our scientists.
  
  event
  
  GLF–Luxembourg Finance for Nature: What comes next? The 6th GLF Investment Case Symposium
  
  event
  
  Land Webinar | Resilient Landscapes for Sustainable Trade and Development: Part of the Land Webinar Series
  
  event
  
  FLARE Annual Meeting 2023
  Close
News
- CLOSE MENU
  News
  Forests News
  Landscape News
  Social media
  Corporate news
  Press releases
  Media coverage
  News update
  Media inquiries
  Latest news
  Science needs clear communication channels to cut through the noise, if research is to have any impact. CIFOR is as passionate about sharing our knowledge as we are in generating it.
  
  Forests news
  
  Kuliah Tamu: Mempertimbangkan Konteks Lokal dalam Implementasi Kebijakan REDD+
  
  corporate-news
  
  Abstract – Success stories on Community-Based Forestry
  
  press-release
  
  Signing of agreement for restoring Asian drylands: Landscape Partnership for Asia
  Close
EN

Home » Knowledge » Author

Shepherd, C.R.

Authored by Shepherd, C.R.

Publications

Publication

2014

No easy alternatives to conservation enforcement: response to Challender and Macmillan

Get the CIFOR-ICRAF latest news

Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

CIFOR advances human well-being, equity and environmental integrity by conducting innovative research, developing partners’ capacity, and actively engaging in dialogue with all stakeholders to inform policies and practices that affect forests and people. CIFOR is a CGIAR Research Center, and leads the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA).The Global Landscapes Forum is led by CIFOR, in collaboration with its co-founders UNEP and the World Bank and Charter Members.

Our headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia, with offices in Nairobi, Kenya; Yaounde, Cameroon; Lima, Peru; and Bonn, Germany.

CIFOR Headquarters

Jalan CIFOR
Situ Gede, Bogor Barat,
Bogor 16115,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Telephone: 62-251-8622-622
Fax: 62-251-8622-100

CIFOR - Hubs

Lima, Peru
Nairobi, Kenya
Yaounde, Cameroon
Bonn, Germany

CIFOR - Others

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Hanoi, Vietnam
Lusaka, Zambia
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

See contact details

Knowledge

Publications
Forests News
Videos
Presentations
Photos
Projects database
Datasets

Our work

About CIFOR
Annual reports
Board of Trustees
CIFOR – ICRAF
Corporate policies
Financial statements
Strategy
Work with us

Research

Research teams
Research topics

See contact details

2023 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) | CIFOR is a CGIAR Research Center

CIFOR-ICRAF privacy notice Terms of use

Check out cifor-icraf.org!

Locations

Get the CIFOR publications update

Explore our knowledge

Events

Featured events

News

Latest news

Authored by Shepherd, C.R.

Publications

No easy alternatives to conservation enforcement: response to Challender and Macmillan

Get the CIFOR-ICRAF latest news